This is true because, if the quality inspection is given to production Management, then there is a chance of qualifying the defective products also. To avoid this situation an external person does correction of answer scripts, so that the quality of answers are correctly judged.
This is necessary for setting up the standards for future. What ever may be the size of the firm; Production management department alone must do Routing, Scheduling, Loading, Dispatching and expediting. This is because this department knows very well regarding materials, Methods, and available resources etc. If the firms are small, all the above-mentioned functions i to x are to be carried out by Production Management Department. In medium sized firms in addition to Routing, Scheduling and Loading, Dispatching and expediting, some more functions like Methods, Machines may be under the control of Production Management Department.
In large firms, there will be Separate departments for Methods, Machines, Materials and others but routing, loading and scheduling are the sole functions of Production Management. All the above ten functions are categorized in three stage, that is Preplanning, Planning and control stages as shown in figure.
This is to say all the activities of an organization, such as: Finance, Personnel, Marketing Hence the position of Production Management in an organization is very important.
Whether it should be a line function or Staff function, more or less depends upon the corporate management policy. In small organization, Production Management is whole and sole of it. The figure 1. Figure 1. Production and Operations Management 9 1. Basic principles that guide the formation of planning policy and its execution may be the same for all the manufacturing concerns.
But emphasis on a particular aspect of production management in fulfilling of specific requirement of the plant and the management approach to the problems of inventory, machine selection, machine setting, tooling, routing, scheduling, loading, follow up and general control will differ depending on the type of production system.
Three main factors generally determine this aspect are : i Type of production i. They are discussed below. The quality involved is small and the manufacturing of the product will take place as per the specifications given by the customer. This system may be further classified as. After the completion of the product, he takes delivery of the product and leaves the firm.
He may not visit the firm to book the order for the same product. The firm has to plan for material, process and manpower only after receiving the order from the customer. The firms have no scope for pre-planning the production of the product. Here also planning for materials, process and manpower will start only after taking the order from the customer.
In case the firm maintains the record of the Jobs Produced by it, it can refer to the previous plans, when the customer arrives at the firm to book the order. Here firm knows very well that the customer visits at regular intervals, it can plan for materials, and process and manpower and have them in a master file. As soon as the customer visits and books the order, the firm can start production.
If the volume of the order is considerably large and the number of regularly visiting customers are large in number, the Job Production system slowly transform into Batch Production system. When the Production of plant and equipment is terminated, the plant and equipment can be used for producing similar products. This system also can be classified under three categories. The size of the order is greater than that of job production order.
The firm has to plan for the resources after taking the order from the customer. It can have well designed file of its plans, material requirement and instructions for the ready reference. It can also purchase materials required in bulk in advance.
As the frequency of regular orders goes on increasing the Batch Production system becomes Mass Production System. Here also, incase the demand for a particular product ceases, the plant and machinery can be used for producing other products with slight modification in layout or in machinery and equipment. The continuous production is normally associated with large quantities and with high rate of demand. Hence the advantage of automatic production is taken.
This system is classified as i Mass Production: Here same type of product is produced to meet the demand of an assembly line or the market. This system needs good planning for material, process, maintenance of machines and instruction to operators. Purchases of materials in bulk quantities is advisable. In Mass Production identical products are produced in large numbers.
If the demand falls or ceases, the machinery and equipment, after slight modification be used for manufacturing products of similar nature. In flow production, the plant and equipment is designed for a specified product. Hence if the demand falls for the product or ceases, the plant cannot be used for manufacturing other products.
It is to be scraped. The examples for the above discussed production system are i Job Production Shop: Tailors shop; cycle and vehicles repair shops, Job typing shops, small Workshops. Table 1. Particulars Intermittent production system Continuous production system. Type of Process layout is most Product layout designed according plant layout.
Type of As it necessitate frequent changes in the As production flow is permanently in machine machine set-up required by the specifica- the form of product line, Automatic or tion of each order, general purpose special purpose machines are used.
Also they In flow production specialised have good flexibility. In batch produc- machines are used. Production and Operations Management 11 S. Some features of the site may not work correctly.
DOI: Morrow Published 1 June Biology, Medicine Environmental Health Perspectives This presentation provides a brief overview of the production and use of 1,3-butadiene in the United States.
Starting as a coproduct of ethylene, the 1,3-butadiene monomer is extracted and purified, then transferred to consumers. Major uses of 1,3-butadiene include the manufacture of styrene-butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and adiponitrile. View on PubMed. Save to Library Save. Create Alert Alert. Share This Paper. Background Citations.
Methods Citations. Figures, Tables, and Topics from this paper. Using crude glycerol for producing 1,3-PD … Expand. View 6 excerpts, references results and background. Microbial production and applications of 1,2-propanediol.
Indian Journal of Microbiology. Production and productivity of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae GLC Abstract Interest in the development of the bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol, an important chemical intermediate with various industrial applications, has increased in recent years. Klebsiella … Expand.
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